Antitrust: Taking on Monopoly Power From the Gilded Age to the Digital Age - Amy Klobuchar

Monopoly and British History:
In England monopolies are illegal unless granted permission by parliament. Edward Darcy got exclusive rights to import playing cards from Queen Elizabeth. They wanted control over card games to minimize the distraction of servants. The queen's actions led to high prices for playing cards.
Thomas Allen of London Haberdasher was another company that competed with Darcy and undercut his prices. Darcy sued Allen for damages and lost. This led to parliament being the only body in England being capable of issuing monopoly rights. This story shaped British laws and caused the implementation of the Statute of Monopolies (1624)
Monopoly and American History:
In America, the First Bank of the United States was created in 1791 as a private corporation with a 20-year charter. It did have monopolistic privileges, especially in holding federal funds and issuing banknotes, though it wasn't the only bank in the country.